آفت کش‌های نانو: تولید، کاربرد و ملاحظات زیست محیطی

Abstract In recent decades, intensive research and development has been undertaken in the field of nanotechnology. Nano products have been widely developed and applied in different areas including aerospace, military, food and chemical industries, pharmacology and medicine as well as nanopesticides. The latter are particularly important in medicine and health because they are more effective than their conventional counterparts against agricultural pests and vectors of human diseases such as malaria mosquitoes. Another issue that dictates boosting in research and development in nanopesticides is the problem of insecticide resistance because of which not very many suitable insecticides are available especially for public health purposes. Although to date several different nanopesticides were manufactured using different technologies, given the urgency of need to this group of pesticides, reviewing the manufacturing methodologies of these pesticides is of crucial importance. Introducing this rather new technology to the scientific community may increase the research and development in the area. In this review, the subject of nanopesticides, their manufacturing methodologies and the species produced are introduced and at the same time, environmental considerations and toxicity to mammals are discussed.